[THS] Who Sank the South Korean Warship Cheonan?

[The Harder Stuff in news and commentary]

http://www.japanfocus.org/-Tanaka-Sakai/3361


Who Sank the South Korean Warship Cheonan? 
A New Stage in the US-Korean War
and US-China Relations

The original Japanese text is available here
[maps and illustrations at the original, url above]

Tanaka Sakai

Translated by Kyoko Selden

Introduction [Updated May 24, 2010]

At 9:22 on the night of March 26, the 1,200 ton ROK Navy corvette Cheonan was on
patrol when it was severed in two and sank in the waters off Baengnyeong Island, a
contested area twenty kilometers from North Korea, the closest point of South Korean
territory to the North and to Pyongyang. Forty-six crew members died and 58 of the
104 member crew were rescued. It was the worst ROK naval disaster since 1974
when a navy landing ship capsized killing 159 sailors.

Nearly two months later, the elaborate political choreography of explanation and
blame for the disaster continues on the part of North and South Korea, China and
the United States.  The stakes are large: ranging from an easing of tensions on the
Korean peninsula to a new stage of fighting in the Korean War. With polls in early
May showing that 80 percent of ROK citizens believe that the sinking was caused by
North Korean attack, tensions have remained high. While segments of the US,
European and Japanese mainstream press have exercised caution in jumping to the
conclusion that a DPRK ship had attacked the Cheonan, the international media have
shown no interest in following the leads opened by South Korean media and citizen
researchers. The article that follows does not resolve the case by any means. But it
exposes anomalies in official accounts and invites scrutiny of a range of intriguing
issues that call for further investigation.

An ROK-sponsored investigation, with technical support from the United Kingdom,
the United States, Sweden, Canada and Australia, led to a May 20 ROK government
announcement that the submarine was sunk by a DPRK torpedo. Case closed. What
is evident, however, is that important issues have been ignored or suppressed by the
US and South Korean authorities.

In the article that follows, independent journalist Tanaka Sakai hypothesizes about
what may have happened on the night of March 26 and after. Drawing on ROK TV
and press reports and photographs, some of which were subsequently suppressed,
Tanaka places at center stage a range of factors, some fully documented, others
speculative, that have been missing, distorted, or silenced in US and ROK narratives:
they include the fact and location of the US-ROK joint military exercise that was in
progress at the time of the incident and the possibility that the Cheonan was sunk by
friendly fire. Tanaka presents evidence suggesting the possibility that a US nuclear
submarine was stationed off Byaengnyong Island and that a US vessel may have
been sunk during the incident. He also considers anomalies in the role of US ships in
the salvage and rescue operations that followed, including the death of an ROK diver
in the attempt to recover that vessel.

At stake are issues that could rock the ROK government on the eve of elections, and
could impinge on the US-ROK military relationship as the US moves to transfer
authority over command to ROK forces by 2012, and to expand the role of China in
the geopolitics of the region. There are implications for tensions between North Korea
and the US/ROK on the one hand, and for the permanent stationing of US nuclear,
and nuclear-armed, submarines in South Korean waters. Above all, there is the
possibility that renewed war may be imminent in the Korean peninsula at a time
when the ROK has cut off all trade with the North and is moving toward demanding
the imposition of UN sanctions.

Tanaka's analysis, published on May 7, was among the earliest attempts to engage
important anomolies in early ROK official accounts. We publish the full original
contribution while noting that some of its suppositions were subsequently disproved.
This includes the hypothesis that the USS Columbia was sunk, while leaving open the
possibility of the loss of anothr US ship. The USS Columbia subsequently returned to
Hawaii. Core issues that Tanaka raised, however, remain unresolved and ignored in
media accounts. In locating the incident in the context of the US-ROK military
exercise Foal Eagle, held provocatively close to North Korea, the author invites
readers to consider the plausibility that North Korea's primitive ships could have sunk
the radar- and sonar-equipped Cheonan and escaped to North Korea at a moment of
maximum ROK-US readiness. And, if it did, that the ROK would remain silent about
the event in the immediate aftermath. He reflects on possible motives for an attack
by North Korea, but also consider the attractions of claims of a North Korea attack for
the ruling ROK party interested in undermining the credibility of the North and
exciting nationalist passions among voters on the eve of a major election. These are
but a few of the issues raised in the article that follows, and in the investigations of
other researchers appended to this article below.

Mark Selden



On 26 March, 2010 near Baengnyeong Island (White Wing, also known as
Baekreong) to the South of the northern limit line, the maritime demarcation line
between South and North Korea, South Korea’s large patrol boat Cheonan (Heaven’s
Peace) exploded and sank. Already, more than one month after the accident, the
cause of the sinking has not been confirmed. In early April, the South Korean
government announced that either a torpedo struck or an underwater mine
exploded, sinking the ship, indicating that it was not destroyed by an explosion or
accident inside the boat but by an external cause.

The stern of the Cheonan docked on a barge off Baengnyeong Island on 7 May,
2010. Lee Jung-hoon.

However, it remains an enigma as to who fired or set off a torpedo or underwater
mine. The South Korean right, claiming that a North Korean semi-submersible ship
fired a torpedo, demands that the South Korean government launch a revenge
attack on the North. The left and pacifists in the South suggest that the warship may
have touched off an underwater mine installed in the 1970s by the South Korean
military to prevent North Korean infiltration and still left there.

136 underwater mines were installed in response to the tensions in the Yellow Sea
and, ten years later, fewer than ten percent had been removed

Baengnyeong Island is only 20 kilometers from North Korea in an area that the North
claims as its maritime territory, except for the South Korean territorial sea around the
island.  At present there are two demarcation lines on the sea. South Korea and the
US (UN) claim that the Northern Limit Line (NLL), which runs just north of
Baengnyeong Island, is the demarcation line between North and South. However,
since 1999, North Korea has claimed that the Military Demarcation Line further south
is the border between North and South.  About 5,000 South Koreans live on
Baengnyeong Island and regular ferries link it from Inchon. In the reconciliation
between North and South in the year 2000, North Korea recognized this ferry route
and the sea around the island as an area where South Korean and American boats
can navigate freely. At the same time, North Korea has regarded American and
South Korean boats entering the sea area beyond that as violating the economic zone
of North Korea.

Map of Baengnyeong Island (1)

Map of Baengnyeong Island (2)

In the vicinity of Baengnyeong Island South Korea constantly confronts the North
Korean military. The Cheonan was a patrol boat whose mission was to survey with
radar and sonar the enemy’s submarines, torpedoes, and aircraft, and to attack. If
North Korean submarines and torpedoes were approaching, the Cheonan should
have been able to sense it quickly and take measures to counterattack or evade.
Moreover, on the day the Cheonan sank, US and ROK military exercises were under
way, so it could be anticipated that North Korean submarines would move south to
conduct surveillance. It is hard to imagine that the Cheonan sonar forces were not on
alert.

South Korean military spokespersons told the media immediately after the incident
that the probability of sensing torpedoes two kilometers away with sonar was over 70
percent. Later the probability was reduced to over 50 percent because the water is
only 30 meters deep. This reduction, I believe, is for the purpose of theorizing North
Korean responsibility for the attack.

The patrol boat sinking; doubling the area of the search

A US Submarine that sank by the Number 3 Buoy

The sinking of the Cheonan remains unsolved. But around the time of this incident
another sinking occurred that has hardly been reported in Japan. Near the site of the
sinking of the Cheonan, a colossal object, which appears to be a US submarine, was
found to have sunk. An ROK underwater team searched for, and on April 7 South
Korea’s KBS TV showed, a US helicopter carrying what seems to be the body of a US
soldier. KBS is a public broadcasting station with the highest credibility in South
Korea.

Following the sinking of the Cheonan, in the course of conducting an underwater
search, a member of the special unit of the ROK Navy, UDT-SEAL (Underwater
Demolition Team, Sea Air Land) Han Joo-ho, lost consciousness and later died. This
was a secondary disaster. While collecting information on the death of Warrant
Officer Han, KBS learned that his memorial took place neither near where the rear of
the ship was found (the first buoy), nor near where the head of the ship was found
(second buoy). Rather, it was six kilometers away near the third buoy, between the
first and second buoy, that is, at a location that had nothing to do with the Cheonan
sinking.

A map provided by KBS TV. The third buoy to the East of Baengnyeong Island is
where the head of the Cheonan sank, and the rear of the Cheonan sank to the West.

The map of the search generally reported: two black dots to the South of
Baengnyong are where the halves of Cheonan reportedly sank. The third buoy is not
shown.

US and ROK troops at work searching the sea several hundred meters from the cliff
of the island. The first and second buoys where the Cheonan sank are both
separated from the island by about two kilometers, and are not right in front of the
cliff as shown in this Yonhap News photo. This is likely to be the place of the third
buoy where the US submarine sank. But there South Korean reports claim that this is
the location of the search for the Cheonan survivors.

This site is the source of the maps and photo.

(When a boat is discovered on the sea bed, divers connect a buoy with a rope to the
sunken boat, so that the location can be specified from above. After the explosion
split the Cheonan in two, the two halves separated, drifting on the fast tide. They
were discovered 6.5 kilometers apart.)

Warrant Officer Han, who dove at the third buoy, lost consciousness and later died.
KBS, while investigating UDT-SEAL and other sources on the sea bed at the location
of the third buoy, learned that something like a large submarine had sunk and that
the interior of the submarine was quickly searched under US military jurisdiction.

The US military so rushed this search that it did not wait for decompressors necessary
for underwater search to arrive before sending ROK troops underwater.  Although
the safe duration of the time for diving is as short as fifteen minutes, the US military
pushed ahead to make the Koreans search the complex interior of the boat so that
even skilled UDT-SEAL personnel lost consciousness one after another. And in that
situation, the accident involving Warrant Officer Han occurred. Some UDT-SEAL
officers claimed that “US divers declined to carry out such a dangerous operation, so
they made our ROK team do the work.”

A Suppressed KBS TV Scoop

ROK and US authorities did their best to hide the fact that a US submarine sank at
about the same time as the Cheonan. The ROK authorities did not announce the
sinking of the US submarine, nor did they call Warrant Officer Han’s death an
accident which occurred while searching inside a US submarine. Instead, they
announced that he died while searching for Cheonan survivors’ bodies. Warrant
Officer Han was honored as a national hero.

South Korean honor guard bearing the coffin of Han Joo-ho

However, the memorial for Warrant Officer Han was performed not at the site of the
Cheonan, but at the site of the sunk US submarine. US Ambassador Kathleen Stevens
and Commander-in-Chief Walter Sharp of US forces in Korea attended. They praised
Han and offered solatium to the bereaved family. The attendance by high US officials
and monetary payments probably were for the purpose of suppressing anti-American
sentiment that might blame the delayed search for Cheonan survivors caused by the
precipitous US search for its own victims, resulting in Han falling victim.

An object like a corpse pulled up from the sea at the third buoy was taken away not
by an ROK helicopter but by a US military helicopter. This too suggests that what
sank at the third buoy was not an ROK ship but a US military boat.

The search and recovery of the Cheonan was given to a civilian company and the
command of the operation was in the hands of a Korean barge. The search at the
third buoy was conducted by a special ROK UDT-SEAL team and the latest ROK light-
weight aircraft carrier, the Dokdo, served as the command center. What can be
assumed from this disparity is that the US and ROK military prioritized the search for
the American submarine at the third buoy over the search and recovery of the
Cheonan. This is especially the case for the US military, which commands the ROK
military. After the incident, the start of the search and recovery of the Cheonan was
delayed, probably because US and ROK authorities prioritized the search for the US
submarine.

KBS TV in the 9 o’clock news featured this under the title, “The Mysterious Third
Buoy. Why?” Subsequently, a number of ROK newspapers and magazines reported
on the incident. The ROK authorities vigorously criticized these reports and sued KBS
for “false reporting” and maligning the government. After the trial, the KBS website
had to stop displaying film and articles about the incident.

The Mysterious Third Buoy. Why?

A gag order was issued to the UDT-SEAL team. When it was found that the problem
of the third buoy was not about the ROK authorities but about the US military, official
pressure increased and KBS and other Korean media stopped reporting on the
incident. As in Japan, the Korean media, which is subject to American authority,
seems to share an implicit rule not to inquire into US military matters.

A Nuclear Submarine Armed with Nuclear Weapons was Underwater?

KBS, which reported on the existence of the third buoy, was criticized for filing a false
report. Thereafter, the possibility that the Cheonan was attacked by an American
submarine was regarded as a dangerous and groundless rumor, and was virtually
suppressed in South Korea.

However, the suspicion that the Cheonan sank as a result of friendly fire surfaced
within the South Korean media immediately after the event. On the day of the
incident, ROK and US forces were conducting the joint military exercise Foal Eagle to
the south of Byaengnyeong Island. According to a joint US-ROK announcement, the
exercise was to have been completed on 18 March, but the actual exercise was
prolonged to 30 April. On the day of the incident, the exercise was underway. After
the incident, the US-ROK authorities made no mention of the fact that the joint
military exercise was in progress. But the day after the incident, various ROK media
and newspapers reported that the Cheonan might have been sunk by friendly fire
during the military exercise.

The Cheonan and the “suspicion” of inadvertent attack during the ROK-US Joint
Military Exercise

In response to the report, ROK authorities acknowledged that the military exercise
was in progress, but stated that it was not taking place near Byaengnyeong. Rather,
it was off the coast of Taeon, Chungchong Namdo, which is about 100 kilometers to
the south of Byaengnyeong. ROK authorities announced that the Cheonan did not
participate in the military exercise. But a high-speed ship can reach Byaengnyeong
from Taeon in two to three hours. Since last year, the DPRK has been criticizing the
US and ROK for threatening activity in approaching its maritime area during ROK-US
joint military exercises. This time, too, US and ROK ships may have gone north close
to Byaengnyeong island. If the Cheonan had sunk during the exercise, the ROK
authorities, in order to avoid criticism from North Korea, would not make such an
announcement. Although the authorities announced that the Cheonan did not
participate in the exercise, it is possible that the announcement deviates from the
fact.

The Jaju Minbo of the ROK (left wing) analysed the KBS News report. What is
interesting is the analysis of the geographical environment of the third buoy where
the submarine sank. The American submarine sank in the offing several hundred
meters off the coast near cliffs that are called Yongteurim Rocks, on the southern
side of Byaengnyeong. Around Byaengnyeong Island there are many shoals where
submarines can run aground while underwater, but the sea in front of the cliffs is
deep. There, the northern and eastern sides are divided by land and if North
Koreans tried to watch Byaengnyeong from their territory, they would not be able to
locate a US submarine on the south side of the island. North Korea recognizes the
sea area around Byaengnyeong as ROK territory. A boat moving underwater near the
island would not be attacked by the North Korean military, making this a safe hiding
place for a US submarine.

On the basis of this kind of geographical information, novelist Soo Hyon-o, a specialist
in military affairs, told the Jaju Minbo: “Perhaps the American submarine adopted a
posture of near war. Meaning that it can send a missile toward North Korea during
an emergency while underwater in the sea near Byaengnyeong Island. Using the sea
around the rocks as a base, it can intercept DPRK communications from the opposite
shore of the island.”

Jaju Minbo: “Did the North Hit and Completely Sink a US Submarine?”

Byaengnyeong Island is the nearest point in South Korea to Pyongyang . . . about
170 kilometers. For the US-ROK military, it is the best place to counterattack in the
event of emergency, and it is also well placed for radio interception. If the US places
a submarine near Byaengnyeong Island and it stays for a long time, in the event of a
North Korean attack on Seoul, the submarine can fire a missile within minutes.

A submarine employed for such an operation is undoubtedly an atomic submarine,
which can stay under water for one month. An atomic submarine extracts oxygen
using electric power generated by the atomic reactor on the boat by electrolysis of
sea water. Unlike a diesel submarine, such a boat does not have to surface at all.
Many US atomic submarines can be loaded with nuclear missiles. In order to counter
North Korea, which claims to be armed with nuclear weapons, the US military might
maintain a nuclear-armed submarine at all times near Byaengnyeong Island, the
closest point to North Korea.



If the US and ROK military installed a missile aimed at North Korea on Byaengnyeong
Island, they would be fiercely criticized by North Korea, which would agitate ROK
citizens who regard citizens of the North as their brethren, necessitating removal of
such a missile. However, a US submarine loaded with atomic missiles underwater
near the island would have the same effect as a land-based missile at a time of
emergency. It would not be known by the North, nor would there be a need to
inform ROK citizens about it. Thought about in this way, the possibility of a US
submarine armed with nuclear weapons being near Byaengnyeong Island is almost
greater than its not being there.

Many US atomic submarines have more than 100 crew members. They operate the
submarine by night and day shifts, so the crew is large. If a US submarine sank
under the third buoy, there could have been many victims, their number comparable
to those who died in the Cheonan incident. There is also the fear of radioactivity
leakage. What the US military hastened to recover from the sunken submarine could
have been a nuclear warhead. That is why the UDT-SEAL team of the ROK military
was made to conduct the search hastily. Warrant Officer Han’s death on duty
occurred in the process.

The sinking of the Cheonan was widely reported immediately, but the sinking of the
American submarine was concealed by the US government, and the ROK authorities
were made to assist in the concealment. The reason for concealing the sunken
submarine is probably to prevent North Korea and ROK citizens from knowing that a
US submarine was underwater near Byaengnyeong Island for the purpose of
attacking North Korea in time of crisis. If that fact became known, the North would
be angry and attempt some form of retaliation, and anti-US sentiment among ROK
citizens would be fanned. But, because KBS and others reported on the sinking of
the US submarine, even though handled as an error, the North can be presumed to
have grasped the steps of this event fairly well.

When military secrets were exposed by the sinking of the Cheonan, the military
started to take measures

Mistaking the American Submarine for a North Korean Submarine?

The discussion so far has not come to the most important question: why did the
Cheonan and the American submarine sink? I will address this now. The Jaju Minbo
article, which analyzed the report by KBS TV, writes that a North Korean submarine
came South, attacked the Cheonan and the US submarine, and may have sunk both
boats. However, in my view, the possibility of the North having done this is extremely
low.

Right after the Cheonan sinking, the US and ROK governments announced that there
was little possibility that the Cheonan sank as a result of North Korean attack. If there
had been a North Korean submarine attack, the North Korean government, after a
few days, might have proudly announced that it had sunk both ROK and US boats. If
US and ROK governments announced before then that the sinking was probably not
the result of a North Korean attack, both governments would risk being criticized by
citizens, and high officials would have had to assume responsibility and resign. If it
was truly not an attack from the North, the US and ROK governments would be
expected to quickly announce that it was not from the North. Jaju Minbo, a leftwing
newspaper close to North Korea, perhaps simply wanted to show the power of North
Korean military.

As noted, a US-ROK joint military exercise was in progress that day near
Byaengnyeong Island and it is highly probable that the Cheonan was at the site as
part of the exercise. If a military exercise was going on, then other US and ROK ships
were present. So if a North Korean submarine did attack, the US and ROK would
have fiercely counterattacked and sunk it. Even if they failed to sink it and it escaped,
if there had been an attack from the North, then the US and ROK could stand in the
position of justice for simply having defended themselves, so they would immediately
have announced that such a battle had occurred.

The North feared that the US and ROK would use the joint military exercise as a
pretext to move north and attack its nuclear facilities. Pretending to conduct a military
exercise as a cover for a real attack is a plausible US military strategy. For the North
to attack in such a situation would be suicidal as it would give the US and ROK a
pretext for war.

If the boat was not sunk by an attack from the North, the remaining possibility is that
an error occurred. I suspect that the US military had not informed the ROK that an
American submarine was stationed underwater near Byaengnyeong Island. If the
American submarine that sank at the third buoy was underwater for a long time, it
follows that it did not participate in the joint exercise that day (it had other duties).

I think it likely that the US submarine, which was off the coast to the south of
Byaengnyeong, happened to approach closer to the shore than expected and ROK
forces, mistaking it for a North Korean submarine, fired. When the US submarine
returned fire, both boats sank as a result of a friendly attack due to a misconception.
The US submarine must have known of the approach of the Cheonan with the use of
a passive sonar used for receiving communication. But if the American military was
keeping the presence of the submarine secret from the ROK, then the US submarine
could not communicate by radio with the Cheonan.

The Cheonan was attacked from the port side. The ROK authorities announced that
the Cheonan at that time was heading northwest. If that is really the case, then the
boat’s port faced the open sea. The American submarine underwater near the shore
would have attacked from the island side, the reverse of the open sea side. This
contradicts the above hypothesis. Except, in order to hide the friendly attack by the
US military ship, the possibility exists that the ROK authorities announced the
direction of the Cheonan in reverse. (If they announced that the Cheonan was
attacked from the island side, then the North Korea attack theory would not be
possible and the suspicion of a friendly attack would become stronger.)

China’s Role in North-South Arbitration After the Cheonan Incident

Following the sinking of the Cheonan, media and political circles in South Korea
uniformly expressed condolences. Concerts and entertainment events were canceled
one after another. The rightwing suddenly became active, demanding that the
government “counterattack North Korea.”  ROK local elections will take place in June.
The Cheonan political situation will greatly influence the campaign.

Donald Kirk, an American reporter in South Korea, who is familiar with the American
military situation, compares the Cheonan incident to 9/11. Some people say that this
is going too far. But the possibility that they wish to conceal, that the Cheonan was
sunk by friendly fire from the American submarine, is achieved by casting suspicion
that it was sunk by North Korea. The result is that political circles and society are
aroused, naturally making Americans want to liken the incident to 9/11.

A former reporter for the New York Times calls the sinking of the Cheonan a tragedy
that is comparable to 9/11

An opposition member of the ROK National Assembly challenged the Minister of
National Defense, demanding that the truth be revealed and noting that the sinking
of the Cheonan may have been a mistake made by the US military. He was criticized
by rightwing media as “a foolish congressman trusting conspiracy theorists.” The
same label was applied by the mass media to US and Japanese representatives who
sought to inquire into the truth of 9/11.

Rep. Park Yongson Engages the Minister of National Defense over “The American
Inadvertent Bombing Theory,” which was Officially Rejected as False

Following the sinking of the Cheonan, if the US and ROK had announced that the
Cheonan was attacked by the North and they would counterattack, the result would
have been full-scale war. However, the US military in South Korea is moving toward
withdrawal. The command in case of emergencies is scheduled to be transferred
from the US to the ROK military in 2012. Moreover, leadership of international politics
in the Korean peninsula is in process of transfer from the US to China with the
approval of US administrations from Bush to Obama.

Within the military-industrial complex centered in the Pentagon, there must be
opponents of multipolarization who wish to reverse this. They do not wish to sit back
and watch East Asia fall under Chinese hegemony in this manner, with US military
withdrawal. They naturally seek to take advantage of the Cheonan incident to induce
war between South Korea and North Korea, and, as at the time of the Korean war,
develop it into war between the US and China so as to reverse multipolarization in
East Asia. Although I may be projecting too far, one may even suspect that they
provoked the friendly attack by concealing from the ROK military the underwater
navigation of the US submarine around Byaengnyeong Island.

If a great war again erupts on the Korean peninsula triggered by the Cheonan
Incident, even if Japan does not bribe the US with the “sympathy budget”, the
stationing of US forces in Japan would continue, and the US would again view Japan
as an unsinkable aircraft carrier. The Japanese economy would thus again benefit
from Korean special procurements after sixty years. This would be a desirable
outcome for Japanese who favor dependency on the US.

However, amidst the strife centered, US multipolarists appear to be stronger than the
military-industrial complex (and US-Britain centrists). The result is that the Cheonan
Incident has not led to a second US- Korean War. Further, what is regrettable for
those in Japan and the ROK who wish to continue dependence on the US, the US
has transferred to China the role of mitigating the aggravated North-South
relationship.

Chairman Hu Jintao of China, on 30 April, talked with President Lee Myung-bak who
attended the opening ceremony of the World Expo in Shanghai. Three days later he
hosted a visit from North Korean President Kim Jong-il, making possible a China-
North Korea summit. It is unclear whether Six-Party talks will be held subsequently,
but China has certainly strengthened its role as mediator between North and South
Korea.

Many South Korean citizens have come to distrust government pronouncements on
the Cheonan Incident. In the ROK, the fact that the American submarine sank near
the third buoy may change at some future time from “conspiracy theory” to fact. As
long as ROK national policy remains one of dependence on the US, the matter of the
third buoy will have to be suppressed. But to the extent that the ROK moves toward
multipolarization (emphasizing China and coexistence between North and South), the
lid will be taken off.



This is an updated version of an article that was originally published at Tanaka Sakai’s
website on May 7, 2010. ?????????????

Further Update: The US Navy reports that the USS Columbia returned to Hawaii on
May 3, 2010.

For another critical assessment of the issues see Stephan Gowans, The Sinking of the
Cheonan: Another Gulf of Tonkin Incident

See also Selig Harrison, What Seoul Should Do About the Sinking of the Cheonam



Tanaka Sakai is the creator, researcher, writer and editor of Tanaka News
(www.tanakanews.com), a Japanese-language news service on Japan and the world.

Tanaka Sakai's new book is ???????????????—?????????????—?

The Day Japan Breaks with "Subordination to the US": Amidst the Multipolarizing
New World Order

Recommended citation: Tanaka Sakai, "Who Sank the South Korean Warship
Cheonan? A New Stage in the US-Korean War and US-China Relations," The Asia-
Pacific Journal, 21-1-10, May 24, 2010.